Alienation / Entfremdung / Alienação / Alienación

Social Alienation is a condition in social relationships reflected by a low integration and a high degree of isolation between individuals, or between an individual and a group of people in a community.

It is a sociological concept developed by several classical and contemporary theorists.

The concept has many discipline-specific uses, and can refer both to a personal psychological state (subjectively) and to a type of social relationship (objectively).

The term Social Alienation has been used over the ages with varied and sometimes contradictory meanings.

In ancient history it could mean a metaphysical sense of achieving a higher state of contemplation, ecstasy or union – becoming alienated from a limited existence in the World, in a positive sense.

There have also long been religious concepts of being separated or cut off from God and the faithful, alienated in a negative sense.